Ramya Shankar | 07 Jul, 2023

Download JavaScript Cheat Sheet PDF for Your Reference

We created this Javascript cheat sheet to help our community save time. It helps programmers with shortcuts, tips, and tricks. Whenever you have a quick question, just reference our JS cheat sheet. We break down Javascript functions, methods, qualifiers, and other valuable information for quick access.

What is Javascript?

Javascript is a client-side scripting language supported by browsers. Usually, JavaScript functions are involved when a client does an action, for example, submitting a form, hovering the mouse, scroll, etc. Web pages are more lively, dynamic, and interactive due to the presence of JS code. You can use this cheat sheet for work or to build your own Javascript projects.

Download JavaScript Cheat Sheet

Here you can go with the quick guide or JS cheat sheet which will help you to know more about shortcuts and tricks:

To include javascript code on a page, the syntax is – 

<script type = “text/javascript”> 
// all the code
</script>

To create separate file, use extension .js and include the file on the page as – 

<script src="myjsfile.js"></script>
Comments Single-line Multiple-line There are two types of comments:   // this is a single line comment /* this is a multiple line comment when you have to write a lot of things */
Variables – values that hold data to perform calculations or other operations
  • var – most widely used. can be accessed within the function where declared. can be reassigned. 
  • const – constant value i.e. cannot be reassigned
  • let – can be used only within the block its declared, can be reassigned
Data types Can be of different types –
  • Number, eg. var id = 20
  • Unassigned variable, eg. var x
  • String, eg. var company = “hackr”
  • Boolean, eg. var windowopen = true
  • Constants. eg. const counter = 1
  • Operations, eg. var sum = 20 + 20
  • Objects, eg. var student =
Objects Contains single object of various data types –  Eg, var student = ;

Arrays

Arrays group similar kinds of data together. Eg, var subjectlist = [“math”, “science”, “history”, “computer”]; Arrays can perform the following functions: 

Functions Description
concat() Concatenate different arrays into one.
join() Joins all the elements of one array as a string
indexof() Returns the index (first position) of an element in the array
lastindexof() Returns the last position of an element in the array
sort() Alphabetic sort of array elements
reverse() Sort elements in descending order
valueof() Primitive value of the element specified
slice() Cut a portion of one array and put it in a new array
splice() Add elements to an array in a specific manner and position
unshift() Add new element to the array in the beginning 
shift() Remove first element of the array
pop() Remove the last element of the array
push() Add new element to the array as the last one
tostring() Prints the string value of the elements of the array

Operators

Basic
  • Addition (+)
  • Subtraction (-)
  • Multiply (*)
  • Divide (/)
  • Remainder (%)
  • Increment (++)
  • Decrement (--)
  • Execute brackets first (…)
Logical
  • And (&&)
  • Or (||)
  • Not (|)
Comparison
  • Equal to (==)
  • Equal value and type (===) 
  • Not equal (!=)
  • Not equal value or type (!==)
  • Greater than (>) 
  • Less than (<) 
  • Greater than or equal to (>=)
  • Less than or equal to (<=)
  • Ternary operator (?)
Bitwise
  • AND (&)
  • OR (|) 
  • NOT (~) 
  • XOR (^) 
  • Left shift (<<)
  • Right shift (>>)
  • Zero fill right shift (>>>)

Function

As mentioned in the Hackr communities' favorite Javascript courses, a group of tasks can be performed in a single function. Eg,

function add(a, b){// code} 

Outputting the Data

alert() Show some output in a small pop up window (alert box)
document.write() Write output to the html document
console.log() Mainly used for debugging, write output on the browser console
prompt() Prompt for user input using dialog box
confirm() Open dialog with yes/no and return true/false based on user click

Global Functions

encodeURI() Encodes a URI into UTF-8
var uri = “hackr.io/blog”;
var enc = encodeURI(uri);
encodeURIComponent() Encoding for URI components
var uri = “hackr.io/blog”;
var enccomp = encodeURIComponent(uri);
decodeURI() Decodes a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) created by encodeURI or similar
var dec = decodeURI(enc);
decodeURIComponent() Decodes a URI component
var decomp = decodeURIComponent(enccomp);
parseInt() Parses the input returns an integer
var a = parseInt(“2003 monday”);
parseFloat() Parses the input and returns a floating-point number
var b = parseFloat(“23.333”);
eval() Evaluates JavaScript code represented as a string
var x = eval(“2 * 2”);
Number() Returns a number converted from its initial value
var y = new Date();
var z = Number(y);
isNaN() Determines whether a value is NaN or not
isNan(25);
isFinite() Determines whether a passed value is a finite number
isFinite(-245);

The Complete JavaScript Course 2024: From Zero to Expert!

Loops

for looping in javascript
var i;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++
{ // code}
while execute a block of code while some condition is true
while (product.length > 5)
{// some code}
do… while similar to while, but executes at least as the condition is applied after the code is executed
do {
// code
}while (condition){
}
break break and exit the cycle based on some conditions
if (i <10)
    break;
continue continue next iteration if some conditions are met
if (j>10)
  continue;

if-else statements

if-else lets you set various conditions – 

if (condition 1)
{
//execute this code
} else if (condition 2)
{
// execute new code
} else
{
// execute if no other condition is true
}

String Methods

Method Meaning Example
length determines length of string
var a = “hackr.io”;
a.length;
indexof() finds position of the first occurrence of a character or text in the string
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”;
var b = a.indexof(“nice”);
lastindexof() returns last occurrence of text in a string
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”;
var b = a.indexof(“nice”, 6);
search() searches and returns position of a specified value in string var a = “hackr.io is nice website”; var b = a.search(“nice”);
slice() extracts and returns part of a string as another new string
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”;
var b = a.slice(13); will return nice website.
substring()
substring returns part of the string from start index to the end index specified. cannot take negative values unlike slice()
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”;
var b = a.substring(0, 7);
substr() returns the sliced out portion of a string, the second parameter being the length of the final string.
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”;
var b = a.substr(13, 8);
replace() replaces a particular value with another
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”;
var b = a.replace(“nice”, “good”);
touppercase() changes all characters into uppercase
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”;
var b = a.touppercase (a);
tolowercase() changes all characters into lowercase
var a = “hackr.io is nice website”;
var b = a.tolowercase(a);
concat() joins two or more strings together into another string
var a = “my name is”;
var b = “john”;
var c = a.concat(“: ”, b);
trim() removes white spaces from a string
var a = “       hi, there!         ”;
a.trim();
charat() finds character at a specified position
var a = “hackr.io”;

a.charat(1) will return a

charcodeat() returns the unicode of character at the specified position
“hackr”.charcodeat(0); 

will return 72

split() convert a string into array based on special character
var a = “hackr.io”;
var arr = a.split(“”);

will return an array of characters h,a,c,k,r and so on..

accessing characters using [] access a character of string using its index (doesn’t work on some versions of ie)
var a = “hackr.io”;
a[2] will return c

Escape characters

\' Single quote
\" Double quote
\\ Single backslash
\b Backspace
\f Form feed
\n New line
\t Horizontal tab
\v Vertical tab
\r Carriage return

Regular Expressions

Regular expressions can be in the form of pattern modifiers, metacharacters, quantifiers and brackets. Pattern modifiers

e evaluate replacement
i case-insensitive matching
g global matching – find all matches
m multiple line matching
s treat strings as a single line
x allow comments and whitespace in the pattern
u ungreedy pattern

Brackets

[abc] Find any of the characters between the brackets
[^abc] Find any character which are not in the brackets
[0-9] Used to find any digit from 0 to 9
[A-z] Find any character from uppercase A to lowercase z
(a|b|c) Find any of the alternatives separated with |

Metacharacters

Find a single character, except newline or line terminator
\w  Word character
\W  Non-word character
\d  A digit
\D  A non-digit character
\s  Whitespace character
\S  Non-whitespace character
\b  Find a match at the beginning/end of a word
\B  A match not at the beginning/end of a word
\0  NULL character
\n  A new line character
\f  Form feed character
\r  Carriage return character
\t  Tab character
\v  Vertical tab character
\xxx  The character specified by an octal number xxx
\xdd  Character specified by a hexadecimal number dd
\uxxxx  The Unicode character specified by a hexadecimal number xxxx

Quantifiers

n+  Matches string that contains at least one ‘n’
n*  Any string containing zero or more occurrences of n
n?  A string that has no or one occurrence of n
String that contains a sequence of X n’s
Strings that contain a sequence of X to Y n’s
Matches string that has a sequence of at least X n’s
n$  Any string with n at the end of it
^n  String with n at the beginning of it
?=n  Any string that is followed by the string n
?!n  String that is not followed by the string n

Numbers

Number properties
MAX_VALUE  The maximum numeric value that can be represented in JavaScript
MIN_VALUE  Smallest positive numeric value possible in JavaScript
NaN  Not-a-Number
NEGATIVE_INFINITY  The negative Infinity value
POSITIVE_INFINITY  Positive Infinity value
Number methods
Method Meaning Example
toExponential()  Returns the string with a number rounded to and written in exponential form
var a = 3.1417;
a.toExponential(2);
will give 3.14e+0
toFixed()  Returns the string of a number with specific number of decimals
var a = 3.1417;
a.toFixed(2);
will return 3.14
toPrecision()  Returns string to the precision of the specified decimal
var a = 3.46;
a.to{recision(2);
returns 3.5
valueOf()  Converts number object to primitive type
var x = 23;
x.valueOf();
Math properties
Euler’s number
LN2  The natural logarithm with base 2
LN10  Natural logarithm with base 10
LOG2E  Base 2 logarithm of E
LOG10E  Base 10 logarithm of E
PI  The number PI (3.14…)
SQRT1_2  Square root of 1/2
SQRT2  Square root of 2
Math methods
All angle values are in radian
abs(x)  Returns the absolute (positive) value of x
acos(x)  The arccosine of x
asin(x)  Arcsine of x
atan(x)  The arctangent of x (numeric)
atan2(y,x)  Arctangent of the quotient of its arguments
sin(x)  The sine of x
cos(x)  The cosine of x
tan(x)  The tangent of an angle
exp(x)  Value of Ex
ceil(x)  Value of x rounded up to its nearest integer
floor(x)  The value of x rounded down to its nearest integer
log(x)  The natural logarithm (base E) of x
max(x,y,z,...,n)  Returns the number with the highest value
min(x,y,z,...,n)  Same for the number with the lowest value
pow(x,y)  X to the power of y
round(x)  The value of x rounded to its nearest integer
sqrt(x)  Square root of x
random()  Returns a random number between 0 and 1

Dates

Date()  Creates a new date object with current date and time
Date(2019, 10, 21, 12, 24, 58, 13)  Create a custom date object. Format – (yyyy, mm, dd, hh, min, s, ms). Except for year and month, all parameters are optional.
Date("2019-10-21")  Date declaration as a string
getDate()  Get the day of the month as a number (1-31)
getDay()    The weekday as a number (0-6)
getFullYear()  Year as a four-digit number (yyyy)
getHours()  Get the hour (0-23)
getMilliseconds()  Get the millisecond (0-999)
getMinutes()  Get the minute (0-59)
getMonth()  Month as a number (0-11)
getSeconds()  Get the second (0-59)
getTime()  Get the milliseconds since January 1, 1970
getUTCDate()  The day (date) of the month in the specified date according to universal time (also available for day, month, full year, hours, minutes etc.)
parse  Parses a string representation of a date and returns the number
setDate()  Set the day as a number (1-31)
setFullYear()  Sets the year (optionally month and day)
setHours()  Set the hour (0-23)
setMilliseconds()  Set milliseconds (0-999)
setMinutes()  Sets the minutes (0-59)
setMonth()  Set the month (0-11)
setSeconds()  Sets the seconds (0-59)
setTime()  Set the time (milliseconds since January 1, 1970)
setUTCDate()  Sets the day of the month for a specified date according to universal time (also available for day, month, full year, hours, minutes etc.)

DOM mode

DOM (Document Object Model) is the code of the page structure. HTML elements (called as nodes) can be easily manipulated using JavaScript.

Node properties
attributes  Returns all attributes registered to an element
baseURI  Provides the absolute base URL of an HTML element
nodeName  the name of a node
nodeType  type of a node
nodeValue  sets or gets value of a node
parentNode  parent node of an element
childNodes  all child nodes of an element
firstChild  first child node of an element
lastChild  last child node of an element
ownerDocument  top-level document object for this (current) node
previousSibling  node immediately preceding the current one
nextSibling  next node in the same node tree level
textContent  Sets or returns the textual content of a node and its descendants
Node methods
cloneNode()  Clones an HTML element
compareDocumentPosition()  Compares the document position of two elements
isDefaultNamespace()  Returns true if the specified namespaceURI is the default
lookupNamespaceURI()  Returns the namespace URI associated with the given node
getFeature()  Returns an object which implements the APIs of a specified feature
isSupported()  Returns true if a specified feature is supported on the element
hasAttributes()  Returns true if an element has any attributes
insertBefore()  Inserts a new child node before a specified, existing child node
isEqualNode()  Checks if two elements are equal
isSameNode()  Checks if two elements are the same node
hasChildNodes()  Returns true if an element has any child nodes
lookupPrefix()  Returns a DOMString containing the prefix for a given namespace URI, if present
normalize()  Joins adjacent text nodes and removes empty text nodes in an element
removeChild()  Removes a child node from an element
replaceChild()  Replaces a child node in an element
appendChild()  Adds a new child node to an element as the last child node
Element methods
getAttribute()  Returns the specified attribute value of an element node
getAttributeNS()  Returns string value of the attribute with the specified namespace and name
getAttributeNode()  Gets the specified attribute node
getAttributeNodeNS()  Returns the node for the attribute with the given namespace and name
getElementsByTagName()  Provides a collection of all child elements within the specified tag name
getElementsByTagNameNS()    Returns HTML elements with particular tag name with the given namespace
hasAttribute()  Returns true if an element has any attributes, otherwise false
hasAttributeNS()  Provides a true/false value indicating whether the current element in a given namespace has the specified attribute
setAttribute()  Sets or changes the specified attribute to the specified value
setAttributeNS()    Adds a new attribute or changes the value of an existing attribute with the given namespace and name
setAttributeNode()  Sets or modifies the specified attribute node
setAttributeNodeNS()  Adds a new name spaced attribute node to an element
removeAttribute()  Removes a specified attribute from an element
removeAttributeNS()  Removes and returns the specified attribute node within a certain namespace
removeAttributeNode()  Removes and returns the specified attribute node

Browser actions

Window properties 
closed  Checks if a window has been closed
defaultStatus  Sets or gets the default text in the windows status bar
self  the current window
top  topmost browser window
parent  parent window of the current window
document  Returns the window document object
frames  Returns all <iframe> elements in the current window
history  History object for the window
innerHeight  The inner height of window’s content area
innerWidth  The inner width of content area
length  number of  <iframe> elements in the window
location  location object for the window
name  Sets or gets the window name
navigator  Returns the Navigator object for the window
opener  reference to the window that created the window
outerHeight  outer height of a window, including toolbars/scrollbars
outerWidth  outer width of a window, including toolbars/scrollbars
pageXOffset  Number of pixels the current document has been scrolled horizontally
pageYOffset  Number of pixels the current document has been scrolled vertically
screen  Returns the Screen object for the window
screenLeft  The horizontal coordinate of the window
screenTop  The vertical coordinate of the window
screenX  Same function as screenLeft (for some browsers)
screenY  Same function as screenTop (for some browsers)
status  Sets or gets the text in the status bar of a window
Window methods
alert()  Displays an alert box with a message and an OK button
blur()  Removes focus from the current window
clearTimeout()  Clears a timer set with setTimeout()
clearInterval()  Clears a timer set with setInterval()
close()  Closes the current window
open()  Opens a new browser window
stop()  Stops the window from loading
confirm()  Displays a dialogue box with a message and an OK and Cancel button
focus()  Sets focus to the current window
moveBy()  Moves a window relative to its current position
moveTo()  Moves a window to a specified position
print()  Prints the content of the current window
prompt()  Displays a dialogue box that prompts the visitor for input
resizeBy()  Resizes the window by the specified number of pixels
resizeTo()  Resizes the window to a specified width and height
scrollBy()  Scrolls the document by a specified number of pixels
scrollTo()  Scrolls the document to specified coordinates
setInterval()  Calls a function or evaluates an expression at specified intervals
setTimeout()  Calls a function or evaluates an expression after a specified interval
Screen properties
availHeight  Returns the height of the screen (excluding the Windows Taskbar)
availWidth  Returns the width of the screen (excluding the Windows Taskbar)
colorDepth  Returns the bit depth of the color palette for displaying images
height  The total height of the screen
pixelDepth  The color resolution of the screen in bits per pixel
width  The total width of the screen

User Events

1. Mouse

onclick  event that happens when user clicks on an element
onmouseover  when the mouse is moved over some element or its children
onmouseout  User moves the mouse pointer out of an element or one of its children
onmouseup  when user releases a mouse button while over an element
onmousedown  when user presses a mouse button over an element
onmouseenter  pointer moves onto an element
onmouseleave  Pointer moves out of an element
onmousemove  pointer is moving when it is over an element
oncontextmenu  User right-clicks on an element to open a context menu
ondblclick  The user double-clicks on an element

2. Keyboard

onkeydown  When the user is pressing a key down
onkeypress  The moment the user starts pressing a key
onkeyup  The user releases a key

3. Frame

onabort  The loading of a media is aborted
onbeforeunload  Event that occurs before a document is to be unloaded
onunload  Event occurs when a page has unloaded
onerror  When an error occurs while loading an external file
onhashchange  There have been changes to the anchor part of a URL
onload  When an object has loaded
onpagehide  The user navigates away from a webpage
onpageshow  the user navigates to a webpage
onresize  The document view is resized
onscroll  An element’s scrollbar is being scrolled

4. Form

onblur  When an element loses focus
onchange  when content of a form element like <input>, <select> and <textarea> changes
onfocus  An element gets focus
onfocusin  When an element is about to get focus
onfocusout  When element is about to lose focus
oninput  User input on an element
oninvalid  An element is invalid
onreset  form reset
onsearch  The user writes something in the input type search
onselect  The user selects some text (<input> and <textarea>)
onsubmit  event that happens upon submitting the form

5. Drag

ondrag  An element is dragged
ondrop  Dragged element is dropped on the drop target
ondragstart  User starts to drag an element
ondragend  The user has finished dragging the element
ondragenter  The dragged element enters a drop target
ondragleave  A dragged element leaves the drop target
ondragover  The dragged element is on top of the drop target

6. Clipboard

oncut  event that happens when user cuts content of an element 
oncopy  event that happens when user copies content of an element
onpaste  event that happens when user pastes content of an element

7. Media

onabort  Media loading is aborted
onended  The media ended
onerror  Happens when an error occurs while loading an external file
oncanplay  The browser can start playing media 
oncanplaythrough  The browser can play through media without stopping
ondurationchange  change in the duration of the media
onloadeddata  Media data loaded
onloadedmetadata  Metadata (e.g. dimensions, duration) are loaded
onloadstart    The browser starts looking for specified media
onpause  Media is paused either by the user or automatically
onplay  The media started to play or is no longer paused
onplaying  Media is playing after being paused or stopped for buffering
onprogress  The browser is in the process of downloading the media
onratechange  The playing speed of the media changes
onseeked  User is finished moving/skipping to a new position in the media
onseeking  The user starts moving/skipping
onstalled  The browser is trying to load the media but it is unavailable
onwaiting  Media paused but expected to resume (like in buffering)
onsuspend  The browser is intentionally not loading media
ontimeupdate  The playing position has changed (like in case of fast forward)
onvolumechange  Media volume has increased or reduced

8. Animation

animationstart  CSS animation started
animationend  CSS animation ended
animationiteration  CSS animation plays over

9. Other

transitionend  event triggered when a CSS transition has completed
onmessage  A message is received through the event source
ononline  The browser starts to work online
onoffline  The browser starts to work offline
ontoggle  The user opens or closes the <details> element
onpopstate  When the window’s history changes
onshow  A <menu> element is shown as a context menu
onstorage  A Web Storage area is updated
onwheel  Mouse wheel rolls up or down over an element
ontouchstart  A finger is placed on the touch-screen
ontouchend  User’s finger is removed from a touch-screen
ontouchcancel  Screen-touch is interrupted
ontouchmove  User finger is dragged across the screen

10. Errors

try  block of code to execute in case of no errors
catch  block of code to execute in case of an error
throw  Create custom error messages rather than standard JavaScript errors
finally  block that is always executed whether there is error in execution or not

Error-values

Each error has a name and message property that define it.

  • name: Sets or gets the error name
  • message: Sets or gets error in an understandable string format
EvalError  error occurred in the eval() function
RangeError  number out of range
ReferenceError  illegal reference occurred
SyntaxError  syntax error
TypeError  type error
URIError  encodeURI() error

Download Javascript Cheat Sheet

Conclusion

This cheat sheet has all the functions of javascript. We have provided examples and descriptions where necessary. For more detailed information, check out these popular Javascript books. Most functions are self-explanatory, however, feel free to comment and let us know if you have any doubts or questions. We love this Javascript cheat sheet!

Happy scripting!

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By Ramya Shankar

A cheerful, full of life and vibrant person, I hold a lot of dreams that I want to fulfill on my own. My passion for writing started with small diary entries and travel blogs, after which I have moved on to writing well-researched technical content. I find it fascinating to blend thoughts and research and shape them into something beautiful through my writing.

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Sabuz Ahmed

Where is the download link?

4 years ago