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Ramya Shankar | 15 Dec, 2022

HTML Cheat Sheet


HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language

Used for: creating web pages (documents) that are displayed on the World Wide Web (websites). The pages can be a mix of text, images, videos, and other elements. It can be created with: notepad, TextPad or any text editors.

Saved as: .html files

HTML Cheat Sheet

Here we are sharing with you the complete HTML Cheat Sheet:

Basic structure

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
 <title></title>
 </head>
 <body>
 body tags and main content
 </body>
</html>

The main elements in HTML are the tags. Tags structure and present the data in different forms.

Heading

<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Heading 2 </h2>
<h3>Heading 3</h3>
<h4>Heading 4</h4>
<h5>Heading 5</h5>
<h6>Heading 6 </h6>

Paragraph

<p>write a paragraph</p>
Attribute ‘style’ can be used with <p> to display the text inside <p> in a specific manner. For example,
<p style = "color:blue">I will appear blue</p>
<p style = "background-color:blue">Highlighting as blue</p>
<br> line break

Span

Span tag is used for styling inline elements.

<span style = “color:green”> Address </span>

- prints the word ‘Address’ in the specified color (here green). The style attribute is used to style HTML elements.

Characters

  • &nbsp; – space (non-breaking)
  • &quot; - add quotation mark (“)
  • &lt; - less than symbol (<)
  • &gt; - greater than symbol (>)
  • &amp; - the ‘&’ or ampersand symbol
  • &copy; - copyright symbol
  • &trade; - trademark symbol

Formatting

  • <b>Bold text </b>
  • <i>Italic text</i>
  • <u>underlined text</u>
  • <mark>I am highlighted in yellow</mark>- marks the text in yellow. If other colors are needed, span is used.
  • <span style="background-color: #FF00FF">I am highlighted in pink</span>
  • <strong>I am strong</strong> - give emphasis to a particular text; mostly bold
  • <font></font> - chosen font for the text
  • Font is not used in HTML 5, CSS is used. Attributes of <font> -
  • <face> - the font family, for example Courier New
  • <size> - size of the text
  • <color> - color of the text in hex value (eg. #FF000F) or text (eg.red)
  • <small></small> - smaller text, fine print size
  • <strike>Strike that out</strike> - strikeout the text inside the tag
  • <sup></sup> - superscript (text above the normal text like exponential numbers)
  • <sub></sub> - subscript
  • <em></em> - emphasis
  • <pre></pre> - preformatted text
  • <tt></tt> - typewriter text

Body

<body> - the main content lies in the body. Inside <body> there can be many sections. Attributes –

  • background="" - Background Image source; can be left empty if no image
  • bgcolor="" - Background Colour in hex value
  • text="" - page text color
  • link="" - Link Colour
  • alink="" - Active (current) Link Colour
  • vlink="" - Visited Link Colour
  • bgproperties="" - Background Properties. A value of "fixed" means non-scrolling watermark
  • topmargin="?" - Top Margin Size in Pixels
  • leftmargin="" - Side Margin Size in Pixels

Metadata

<meta> tag is a part of <head> and describes information about data. Most common use of metadata is by search engines for keywords. <meta charset = “UTF-8”> - most common character set Attributes –

  • name = “” – can be name like keyword, author, description etc…
  • content = “” – the value corresponding to above names

Example - <meta name="keywords" content="What is HTML, How to learn HTML">

Sections and divisions

  • <div></div> new section; nested div tags are very common when multiple sub-sections are required
  • <hr> - horizontal line

<hr> has the following attributes –

  • <hr size = “” width = “”/width = “%” color = “” align = “left/center/right”>
  • size – thickness of the line in pixels
  • width – in pixels or percentage (any one)
  • color – color in hex value
  • align – alignment; left, right or center

Tables

<table>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
</table>
  • <table> - creates a table,
  • <tr> - creates a row,
  • <td> - creates column,
  • <th> - creates header columns

<table> attributes –

  • border="" - Thickness of outside border in pixels
  • bordercolor="" - Border Colour in hex value
  • cellspacing="" - Space between each cell in pixels
  • cellpadding="" - Space between cell border and content
  • align="" - Horizontal Alignment; left, right, center
  • bgcolor="" - Background Colour hex value
  • width="" - Table Width in pixels or %
  • height="" - Table Height in pixels or %

<td> attributes

  • colspan="" - Number of columns the cell spans across
  • rowspan="" - Number of rows cell spans across
  • width="" - width of cell in pixels or %
  • height="" - height of cell in pixels or %
  • bgcolor="" – hex value of background colour for the cell (column)
  • align="" - Horizontal Align; left, center, right
  • valign="" - Vertical Align; top, middle, bottom
  • <colgroup> - is used to define attributes for particular columns of the table.

Example –

<colgroup>
 <col span="1" style="background-color:green">
 <col style="background-color:blue">
</colgroup>

The first column will be highlighted as green, whereas other columns will be highlighted as blue.

Forms (HTML Cheat Sheet)

Most of the dynamic content like user inputs, submitting a page, filling a form happen inside this tag. It is a group of related inputs.

<form>
 <input>
 <select><option></option></select>
 <textarea>
</form>

<form> tag attributes –

  • action="url" - destination url upon form submission
  • method="" - form method - get, post
  • enctype="" - type of encoding; for file upload it is "multipart/form-data"

<input> tag attributes –

  • type="" - Mandatory input Field Type: text, password, checkbox, submit and so on.
  • name="" - Form Field Name (mandatory for form processing)
  • value="" - value (entered by user) or default value
  • size="" - field size
  • maxlength="" - Maximum acceptable length of Input Field data
  • checked - Mark selected field in checkbox (multi-select) or radio button (single-select)

<select> </select> - Select options from drop-down list <select> tag Attributes:

  • name="" - Drop Down Combo-Box Name; mandatory for form processing
  • size="" - size of the drop-down list
  • multiple - Allow multiple selections

<option></option> - individual items of the drop-down list <option> tag Attributes:

  • value="" - Option value selected or default value set
  • <textarea>lot of text like description </textarea> - Large area for text inputs

<textarea> Tag Attributes:

  • name="" - Text area name for form processing
  • rows="" - Number of rows of text shown
  • cols="" - Number of columns (characters per row)
  • wrap="" - text wrapping

iframe

  • <iframe src=””></iframe> - embed another document within the current document (page) in a frame.
  • Attribute “src” – location of the document to be embedded

HTML links, also called as hyperlinks are defined by ‘a’ tag – <a></a> Attributes –

  • href = “” – the url to be visited when the link is clicked
  • target = “” – specifies where to open the link - _blank (new tab/window), _self (same window/tab), _parent (in the parent frame), framename – open in a particular frame.
  • title = “” – gives information about the element
  • id = “” – to create bookmarks in the page that can be used as value in href attribute.

Examples –

  • <a href = "https://hackr.io/">Go to hackr.io</a>
  • <a href = "C:\Users\Public">Open a resource from the given location</a>
  • <a href = "#divprop">Reach a div element specified by the name</a>

Build Responsive Real World Websites with HTML5 and CSS3

Styles

For styling, there are many attributes being used with various tags. The attributes are –

<style>
 text-align= “” – align text; left, right, center
 background-color = “” – background color of the element
 color=”” – for color of texts
 font-family = “” – for various fonts
 font-size = “” size of the font
 border = “” – border thickness and color for a table
</style>

These styling elements are put together in a CSS.

Lists

There are two types of lists – ordered and unordered. <ol></ol> - ordered list Attributes –

  • type=”” – the numbering of the list – A, a, I, 1, i
  • start = “” – starting value
  • <ul></ul> - unordered list

Attributes –

  • type = “” – type of bullet – square, circle, disc
  • <li></li> - individual value in the list

Attributes –

  • <value> = “” – value of list item
  • <type>=”” – type of the list item

Images

<img> - shows the image when page loads Attributes –

  • src =”sourceofimage” – source of the image; url or file location; mandatory
  • alt = “alternate text” – alternate text; mandatory
  • align = “left/right/center” – alignment with respect to surrounding items (text)
  • width = “” – in pixels or percentage
  • height = “” - in pixels or percentage
  • border = “” – thickness of the border in pixels
  • hspace = “” – space in pixels on the sides of the image
  • vspace = “” – space in pixels on top and bottom of the image

HTML5 Tags

  • <aside> - content that is not part of any element, but has to be put alongside the main content
  • <figure> - any illustration like photos, diagrams, code listing and so on.
  • <figcaption> - caption for the <figure> element
  • <header> - A section's heading (similar to that in MS word), header can have other content like navigation links, forms etc...
  • <footer> - the content at the bottom of the page/section eg. copyright information, terms and conditions etc...
  • <main> - the tag is an indicator of where the main content of the page starts
  • <details> - box with expand/collapse functionality to allow for more text space
  • <summary> - summary of content of the particular element. Can be description, caption etc...
  • <mark> - highlight part of a text to give prominence
  • <nav> - section with navigation links to sections on a page or to other pages
  • <section> - a particular part (group) on the page, for example, about us or testimonials section of a web page
  • <time> - the mentioned time in machine-readable format. It can have date, time, time-zone offset, durations etc...
  • <datalist> - similar to autocomplete; defined preset options for input controls
  • <keygen> - key pair (public and private) generator for forms. Public key is sent to server when form is submitted, while the private key is stored in the local keystore
  • <output> - result of any calculations
  • <progress> - indicates task progress through a progress bar
  • <embed> - embed media from external source
  • <source> - source for audio or video
  • <audio> - for music content or sound
  • <video> - to present a movie or video

Download HTML Cheat Sheet PDF From here.

 

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By Ramya Shankar

A cheerful, full of life and vibrant person, I hold a lot of dreams that I want to fulfill on my own. My passion for writing started with small diary entries and travel blogs, after which I have moved on to writing well-researched technical content. I find it fascinating to blend thoughts and research and shape them into something beautiful through my writing.

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