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HTML Cheat Sheet
Table of Contents
HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language
Used for: creating web pages (documents) that are displayed on the World Wide Web (websites). The pages can be a mix of text, images, videos, and other elements. It can be created with: notepad, TextPad or any text editors.
Saved as: .html files
HTML Cheat Sheet
Here we are sharing with you the complete HTML Cheat Sheet:
Basic structure
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> body tags and main content </body> </html>
The main elements in HTML are the tags. Tags structure and present the data in different forms.
Heading
<h1>Heading 1</h1> <h2>Heading 2 </h2> <h3>Heading 3</h3> <h4>Heading 4</h4> <h5>Heading 5</h5> <h6>Heading 6 </h6>
Paragraph
<p>write a paragraph</p> Attribute ‘style’ can be used with <p> to display the text inside <p> in a specific manner. For example, <p style = "color:blue">I will appear blue</p> <p style = "background-color:blue">Highlighting as blue</p> <br> line break
Span
Span tag is used for styling inline elements.
<span style = “color:green”> Address </span>
- prints the word ‘Address’ in the specified color (here green). The style attribute is used to style HTML elements.
Characters
- – space (non-breaking)
- " - add quotation mark (“)
- < - less than symbol (<)
- > - greater than symbol (>)
- & - the ‘&’ or ampersand symbol
- © - copyright symbol
- ™ - trademark symbol
Formatting
- <b>Bold text </b>
- <i>Italic text</i>
- <u>underlined text</u>
- <mark>I am highlighted in yellow</mark>- marks the text in yellow. If other colors are needed, span is used.
- <span style="background-color: #FF00FF">I am highlighted in pink</span>
- <strong>I am strong</strong> - give emphasis to a particular text; mostly bold
- <font></font> - chosen font for the text
- Font is not used in HTML 5, CSS is used. Attributes of <font> -
- <face> - the font family, for example Courier New
- <size> - size of the text
- <color> - color of the text in hex value (eg. #FF000F) or text (eg.red)
- <small></small> - smaller text, fine print size
- <strike>Strike that out</strike> - strikeout the text inside the tag
- <sup></sup> - superscript (text above the normal text like exponential numbers)
- <sub></sub> - subscript
- <em></em> - emphasis
- <pre></pre> - preformatted text
- <tt></tt> - typewriter text
Body
<body> - the main content lies in the body. Inside <body> there can be many sections. Attributes –
- background="" - Background Image source; can be left empty if no image
- bgcolor="" - Background Colour in hex value
- text="" - page text color
- link="" - Link Colour
- alink="" - Active (current) Link Colour
- vlink="" - Visited Link Colour
- bgproperties="" - Background Properties. A value of "fixed" means non-scrolling watermark
- topmargin="?" - Top Margin Size in Pixels
- leftmargin="" - Side Margin Size in Pixels
Metadata
<meta> tag is a part of <head> and describes information about data. Most common use of metadata is by search engines for keywords. <meta charset = “UTF-8”> - most common character set Attributes –
- name = “” – can be name like keyword, author, description etc…
- content = “” – the value corresponding to above names
Example - <meta name="keywords" content="What is HTML, How to learn HTML">
Sections and divisions
- <div></div> new section; nested div tags are very common when multiple sub-sections are required
- <hr> - horizontal line
<hr> has the following attributes –
- <hr size = “” width = “”/width = “%” color = “” align = “left/center/right”>
- size – thickness of the line in pixels
- width – in pixels or percentage (any one)
- color – color in hex value
- align – alignment; left, right or center
Tables
<table> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </table>
- <table> - creates a table,
- <tr> - creates a row,
- <td> - creates column,
- <th> - creates header columns
<table> attributes –
- border="" - Thickness of outside border in pixels
- bordercolor="" - Border Colour in hex value
- cellspacing="" - Space between each cell in pixels
- cellpadding="" - Space between cell border and content
- align="" - Horizontal Alignment; left, right, center
- bgcolor="" - Background Colour hex value
- width="" - Table Width in pixels or %
- height="" - Table Height in pixels or %
<td> attributes
- colspan="" - Number of columns the cell spans across
- rowspan="" - Number of rows cell spans across
- width="" - width of cell in pixels or %
- height="" - height of cell in pixels or %
- bgcolor="" – hex value of background colour for the cell (column)
- align="" - Horizontal Align; left, center, right
- valign="" - Vertical Align; top, middle, bottom
- <colgroup> - is used to define attributes for particular columns of the table.
Example –
<colgroup> <col span="1" style="background-color:green"> <col style="background-color:blue"> </colgroup>
The first column will be highlighted as green, whereas other columns will be highlighted as blue.
Forms (HTML Cheat Sheet)
Most of the dynamic content like user inputs, submitting a page, filling a form happen inside this tag. It is a group of related inputs.
<form> <input> <select><option></option></select> <textarea> </form>
<form> tag attributes –
- action="url" - destination url upon form submission
- method="" - form method - get, post
- enctype="" - type of encoding; for file upload it is "multipart/form-data"
<input> tag attributes –
- type="" - Mandatory input Field Type: text, password, checkbox, submit and so on.
- name="" - Form Field Name (mandatory for form processing)
- value="" - value (entered by user) or default value
- size="" - field size
- maxlength="" - Maximum acceptable length of Input Field data
- checked - Mark selected field in checkbox (multi-select) or radio button (single-select)
<select> </select> - Select options from drop-down list <select> tag Attributes:
- name="" - Drop Down Combo-Box Name; mandatory for form processing
- size="" - size of the drop-down list
- multiple - Allow multiple selections
<option></option> - individual items of the drop-down list <option> tag Attributes:
- value="" - Option value selected or default value set
- <textarea>lot of text like description </textarea> - Large area for text inputs
<textarea> Tag Attributes:
- name="" - Text area name for form processing
- rows="" - Number of rows of text shown
- cols="" - Number of columns (characters per row)
- wrap="" - text wrapping
iframe
- <iframe src=””></iframe> - embed another document within the current document (page) in a frame.
- Attribute “src” – location of the document to be embedded
Links
HTML links, also called as hyperlinks are defined by ‘a’ tag – <a></a> Attributes –
- href = “” – the url to be visited when the link is clicked
- target = “” – specifies where to open the link - _blank (new tab/window), _self (same window/tab), _parent (in the parent frame), framename – open in a particular frame.
- title = “” – gives information about the element
- id = “” – to create bookmarks in the page that can be used as value in href attribute.
Examples –
- <a href = "https://hackr.io/">Go to hackr.io</a>
- <a href = "C:\Users\Public">Open a resource from the given location</a>
- <a href = "#divprop">Reach a div element specified by the name</a>
Build Responsive Real World Websites with HTML5 and CSS3
Styles
For styling, there are many attributes being used with various tags. The attributes are –
<style> text-align= “” – align text; left, right, center background-color = “” – background color of the element color=”” – for color of texts font-family = “” – for various fonts font-size = “” size of the font border = “” – border thickness and color for a table </style>
These styling elements are put together in a CSS.
Lists
There are two types of lists – ordered and unordered. <ol></ol> - ordered list Attributes –
- type=”” – the numbering of the list – A, a, I, 1, i
- start = “” – starting value
- <ul></ul> - unordered list
Attributes –
- type = “” – type of bullet – square, circle, disc
- <li></li> - individual value in the list
Attributes –
- <value> = “” – value of list item
- <type>=”” – type of the list item
Images
<img> - shows the image when page loads Attributes –
- src =”sourceofimage” – source of the image; url or file location; mandatory
- alt = “alternate text” – alternate text; mandatory
- align = “left/right/center” – alignment with respect to surrounding items (text)
- width = “” – in pixels or percentage
- height = “” - in pixels or percentage
- border = “” – thickness of the border in pixels
- hspace = “” – space in pixels on the sides of the image
- vspace = “” – space in pixels on top and bottom of the image
HTML5 Tags
- <aside> - content that is not part of any element, but has to be put alongside the main content
- <figure> - any illustration like photos, diagrams, code listing and so on.
- <figcaption> - caption for the <figure> element
- <header> - A section's heading (similar to that in MS word), header can have other content like navigation links, forms etc...
- <footer> - the content at the bottom of the page/section eg. copyright information, terms and conditions etc...
- <main> - the tag is an indicator of where the main content of the page starts
- <details> - box with expand/collapse functionality to allow for more text space
- <summary> - summary of content of the particular element. Can be description, caption etc...
- <mark> - highlight part of a text to give prominence
- <nav> - section with navigation links to sections on a page or to other pages
- <section> - a particular part (group) on the page, for example, about us or testimonials section of a web page
- <time> - the mentioned time in machine-readable format. It can have date, time, time-zone offset, durations etc...
- <datalist> - similar to autocomplete; defined preset options for input controls
- <keygen> - key pair (public and private) generator for forms. Public key is sent to server when form is submitted, while the private key is stored in the local keystore
- <output> - result of any calculations
- <progress> - indicates task progress through a progress bar
- <embed> - embed media from external source
- <source> - source for audio or video
- <audio> - for music content or sound
- <video> - to present a movie or video
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